This review paper comprehensively studies stress analysis and optimization techniques for composite wing structures with cut-outs primarily wing rib. It emphasises the significance of weight reduction in composite structures to ensure economic viability. It explores various methodologies such as Finite Element Method (FEM), Equivalent plate method, topology optimization and Experimental method. The paper discusses the impact of cut-out size, shape, and fibre orientation on stress distribution and structural integrity. It also highlights the need for efficient design procedures, advanced manufacturing techniques, and further research in areas such as the effect of environmental factors on wing rib performance and fatigue analysis. The paper concludes by suggesting future research directions to enhance the design and engineering of composite wing structures.