This research examines the agricultural geography of Sangrur, a district in Punjab, India, with a focus on its importance to the state’s agrarian economy. The region, once a cornerstone of the Green Revolution, has seen both achievements and setbacks in its agricultural techniques over time. The study highlights significant factors influencing agricultural production in Sangrur by analysing current farming practices, cropping patterns, and soil types, such as climate change, soil degradation, and groundwater depletion. It also investigates the socio-economic effects of these issues, like the migration, declining landholdings, and changes in agricultural profitability. Furthermore, the study also covers the changing importance of livestock and animal husbandry in the district’s mixed farming system. The findings highlight the importance of sustainable agricultural methods such as crop diversity, organic farming, and enhanced water management measures. The report finishes with policy suggestions to improve the flexibility and profitability of agriculture in Sangrur, assuring long-term sustainability for the region’s farmers.